Goodman (2007) Constructing Asylum Seeking Families

Constructing Asylum Seeking Families

Simon Goodman, University of Manchester

Volume 1 Issue 1

Abstract

In this paper I show how families of asylum seekers are constructed by members of the public. A discourse analysis is conducted on a UK internet message board where members of the public were asked to comment on councils’ decisions not to implement Section nine of the 2004 Asylum and Immigration Act. This is a ruling which allows children to be separated from their failed asylum seeker parents. The nature of these asylum-seeking families, which are potentially threatened by this law, comes to be constructed in two opposing ways, utilising two different repertoires: first, as a loving family and second, as a unit for breeding. The loving family repertoire normalises the asylum seekers in question, which reduces the ‘us and them’ dichotomy often found in talk about asylum seekers and appeals to humanitarian arguments in support of asylum seekers and against section nine. By contrast the breeding repertoire dehumanises these families and undermines their legitimacy. This rhetorically allows for the separating of these families and so justifies this harsh treatment of asylum seekers. I discuss the implications of these findings for the understanding of asylum seekers and in terms of possible resistance to anti-asylum talk.

Download

Download full text of the article as PDF

(We recommend the free FoxIt PDF Viewer or Adobe Acrobat Reader 8 for better PDF experience.)

References

Augoustinos, M., Tuffin, K. and Every D. (2005) New racism, meritocracy and Individualism: Constraining affirmative Action in education. Discourse & Society 16 (3): 315–340.

Billig, M. (2001) Humour and hatred: The racist jokes of the Ku Klux Klan. Discourse and Society 12 (3): 267-289.

Billig, M. (2002)Henri Tajfel’s ‘Cognitive aspects of prejudice’ and the psychology of bigotry. British Journal of Social Psychology 41: 171–188.

Billig, M., Condor, S., Edwards, D., Gane, M., Middleston, D., and Radley, A. (1988) Ideological Dilemmas. London: Sage.

Bloch, A and Schuster, L. (2005)Asylum policy under New Labour. Benefits 13 (2): 115-118.

Bowlby, J. (1973) Attachment and Loss - Vol. 2: Separation. London: Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho-Analysis.

Clarke V. (2001) What about the children? Arguments against lesbian and gay parenting. Women's Studies International Forum 24 (5): 555-570.

Dixon, J. and Wetherell, M. (2004) On discourse and dirty nappies: Gender, the division of labour and the social psychology of distributive justice. Theory and Psychology 14: 167-189.

Edley, N. (2001) Analysing masculinity: Interpretative repertoires, ideological dilemmas and subject positions. In M. Wetherell, S. Taylor and S. Yates (eds.), Discourse as Data. A guide for Analysts. London: Sage. pp.189-228.

Edwards, D. (2003) Analyzing racial discourse: the discursive psychology of mind-world relationships. In H. van den Berg, M. Wetherell, and H. Houtkoop-Streenstra (eds.), Analyzing Race Talk. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp31-48.

Edwards, D. and Potter, J. (1992) Discursive Psychology. London: Sage.

Goffman, E. (1981) Forms of Talk. Oxford: Blackwell.

Goodman, S. and Speer, S. A. (in press) Category use in the construction of asylum seekers. Critical Discourse Studies.

Goodman, S. and Speer, S. A. (forthcoming) ‘It’s not racist to impose limits on immigration’: Constructing the boundaries of racism in the asylum and immigration debate.

Guardian newspaper (2005) A policy that exposes a brutal absence of humanity. http://www.guardian.co.uk/comment/story/0,,1643360,00.html

Home Office (2004) Asylum and Immigration (Treatment of Claimants, etc.) Act 2004. Available at http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts2004/20040019.htm

Hubbard, P. (2005) Accommodating Otherness: Anti-asylum centre protest and the maintenance of white privilege. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 30 (1): 52-65.

Kelley, N. and Meldgaard, L. (2005) The end of the road. The impact on families of section 9 of the Asylum and Immigration (Treatment of Claimants) Act 2004. Summary Report Autumn 2005. http://www.barnardos.org.uk/end_of_the_road_asylum_report.pdf

Layton-Henry, Z. (1992) The Politics of Immigration. Oxford: Blackwell.

Leudar, I., Marsland, V., and Nekvapil, J. (2004) On membership categorisation: ‘us’, ‘them’ and ‘doing violence’ in political discourse. Discourse and Society 15 (2-3): 243-266.

Leudar, I and Nekvapil, J. (2004) Media dialogical networks and political argumentation. Journal of Language and Politics. 3: 247-266.

Lynn, N and Lea, S. (2003) ‘A phantom menace and the new Apartheid’: The social construction of asylum-seekers in the United Kingdom. Discourse and Society 14 (4) 425-452.

Lynn, N. and Lea, S. (2005) Graffiti and the asylum seeker: Text, context and social comment. Visual Communication 4: 39-63.

Mehan, H. (1997) The discourse of the illegal immigration debate: A case study in the politics of representation. Discourse and Society 8 (2): 249-270.

Refugee Council briefing (2005) Asylum and Immigration Act 2004: An update. http://www.refugeecouncil.org.uk/downloads/AIAct04updateMarch05.pdf

Reynolds, J. and Wetherell, M. (2003) The discursive climate of singleness: The consequences for women’s negotiation of a single identity. Feminism & Psychology 13(4): 489-510.

Sales, R. (2002) The deserving and the undeserving. Critical Social Policy 22 (3): 456–478.

Schuster, L. (2004) The exclusion of asylum seekers in Europe. Centre on Migration, Policy and Society Working Paper No. 1. University of Oxford.

Schuster, L. (2005) The realities of a new asylum paradigm. Centre on Migration, Policy and Society Working Paper No. 20. University of Oxford.

Steiner, N. (2000) Arguing about Asylum. New York: St. Martins Press.

van den Berg, H., Wetherell, M. and Houtkoop-Streenstra, H. (2003) Analyzing Race Talk. Multidisciplinary Approaches to the Interview. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

van der Valk, I. (2001) Political discourse on ethnic issues, a comparison of the Right and the Extreme-Right in the Netherlands and France (1990- 1997). Paper presented at Ecpr-Conference. Grenoble, 6-11 April 2001.

van der Valk, I. (2003) Right-wing parliamentary discourse on immigration in France. Discourse and Society 14 (3): 309-348.

van Dijk, T. A. (1993). Elite Discourse and Racism. London: Sage.

van Dijk, T. A. (1997) Political discourse and racism: Describing Others in western parliaments. In S.H. Riggins (ed.), The Language and Politics of Exclusion: Others in Discourse. London: Sage.

van Dijk, T. A. (2000a) On the analysis of parliamentary debates on immigration. In M. Reisigl and R. Wodak (eds.), The Semiotics of Racism. Approaches to Critical Discourse Analysis. Vienna: Passagen Verlag. pp. 85-103.

van Dijk, T. A. (2000b) Ideologies, racism, discourse: Debates on immigration and ethnic issues. In J. ter Wal and M. Verkuyten (eds.), Comparative Perspectives on Racism. Aldershot: Ashgate. pp.91-116.

van Dijk, T. A. (2000c). New(s) racism: A discourse analytical approach.
In S. Cottle (ed.), 
Ethnic Minorities and the Media.Milton Keynes: Open University Press. pp. 33-49.

Verkuyten, M. (2001) ‘Abnormalization’ of ethnic minorities in conversation. British Journal of Social Psychology 40: 257-278.

Verkuyten, M. (2003) Racism, happiness, and ideology. In H. Van den Berg, M. Wetherell and H. Houtkoop-Steenstra (eds.), Analyzing Race Talk: Multidisciplinary Approaches to the Interview. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp.138-155.

Verkuyten, M. (2005) Immigration discourses and their impact on multiculturalism: A discursive and experimental study. British Journal of Social Psychology 44: 223-241.

Wetherell, M. (1998) Positioning and interpretative repertoires: Conversation analysis and post-structuralism in dialogue. Discourse & Society 9 (3): 387-412.

Wetherell, M and Edley, N. (1999) Negotiating hegemonic masculinity: Imaginary positions and psycho-discursive practices. Feminism and Psychology. 9(3): 335-356.

Wetherell, M and Potter, J. (1992) Mapping the Language of Racism. London: Harvest Wheatsheaf.

Yates, S. (2001) Researching internet interaction: Sociolinguistics and corpus analysis. In M. Wetherell, S. Taylor and S. Yates (eds.), Discourse as Data. A guide for Analysts. London: Sage. pp.93-146.