Chaban (2007) Under Construction: Images of the Enlarging EU in the Australasian News Media

Under Construction: Images of the Enlarging EU in the Australasian News Media

Natalia Chaban, University of Canterbury, New Zealand
Jessica Bain , University of Canterbury, New Zealand
Katrina Stats, University of Adelaide, Australia

Volume 1

Abstract

Institutionalised metaphors are an everyday feature of the EU’s internal discursive constructions. The relevant literature argues that one of the most well-established and frequently employed metaphors describing the EU in EU discourses is that of the ‘Common European House’. This paper suggests that this metaphor is also prolific in external discourses depicting the EU. Easily comprehensible and intimately familiar to the international public, the ‘common house’ metaphor is argued to serve as an efficient means of organising thoughts and observations about unfamiliar and complex global phenomena such as European integration.

Exploring a case study of Australasian (Australian and New Zealand) daily news coverage of the 2004 EU enlargement, we found that the popular ‘house’ metaphor delivered imagery dominated by negativity and contradiction, portraying the enlarging EU as an unstable, divided and overcrowded entity. Taking into account the power of metaphors to raise the awareness of key EU concepts, policy issues and events, the imagery resulting from the media’s use of the ‘house’ metaphor is problematic. The continued employment of negative and contradictory portrayals of an important economic and political counterpart may have concerning effects on the perceptions that the publics and decision-makers of Australasia hold of the EU as a global actor, still ‘un objet politique non-identifié’ on the world stage.

Download

Download full text of the article as PDF

(We recommend the free FoxIt PDF Viewer or Adobe Acrobat Reader 8 for better PDF experience.)

References

Arnett, P. (1998) Goodbye, world: International news reporting in U.S. papers. American Journalism Review 20(9): 50-68.

Black, M. (1993) More about metaphor. In A. Ortony (ed.), Metaphor and Thought (2nd edition). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp.19-41.

Cameron L. and Low, G. (1999) Metaphor. Language Teaching 32 (2): 77-96.

Chaban N. and M. Holland (eds.) (2005), The EU through the eyes of the Asia-Pacific: public perceptions and media representations. NCRE Research Series, No. 4.

Chaban, N., Stats, K. Bain, J. And Machin, F. (2005) Past imperfect, present continuous, future indefinite?: Images of Turkey in the context of EU integration in ANZAC media. Insight Turkey 7 (3): 12-34.

Chaban, N., Bain, J. and Stats, K. (2006) Political Frankenstein’ or ‘Fiscal Gargantua’: Metaphors of personification in the Australasian news reports of the EU enlargement. Proceedings of Ural State Pedagogical University (19): 76-94.

Chaban, N., Bain, J. and Stats, K. (forthcoming) ‘Frenemies’?: Images of the US-EU relations in Australasian media’. Critical Policy Analysis.

Chilton P. and Ilyin, M. (1993) Metaphor in political discourse: The case of the ‘common European house’. Discourse and Society 4 (1): 7–31.

Chilton P. and Lakoff, G. (1995) Foreign policy by metaphor. In C. Schäffner and A. Wenden (eds.) Language and Peace. Dartmouth: Aldershot. pp.37-59.

Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (Australian Government). Market Information and Analysis Section. ‘Australia Factsheet’. Retrieved on 5 December 2006 from http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/fs/eu.pdf.

Drulak, P. (2004) Metaphors Europe lives by: Language and institutional change of the European Union. Retrieved on 19 November 2006 fromhttp://hdl.handle.net/1814/2632.

Duff, A. (2006) Plan B: How to rescue the European constitution. Retrieved on 20 April 2007 from http://www.notre-europe.eu/uploads/tx_publication/Etud52-en_01.pdf.

Galtung. J. and Ruge, M.H. (1965) The structure of foreign news. Journal of Peace Research 2: 64-91.

Gamson W. and Modigliani, A. (1989) Media discourse and public opinion on nuclear power: A constructionist approach. The American Journal of Sociology 95: 1-37.

Ginsberg, R. (1999) Conceptualizing the European Union as an international actor: Narrowing the theoretical capability-expectations gap. Journal of Common Market Studies 37 (3): 429-454.

Ginsberg, T. (2002) Rediscovering the world: September 11 showed all too clearly what a terrible mistake it was for America's news media to largely ignore foreign news. American Journalism Review 24 (1): 48-53.

Gorbachev, M. (1987) Rede zum 70: Jahrestag der Oktoberrevolution. München: Heyne.
Gorbachev, M. (1989) Perestroika: Die zweite russische Revolution. München: Knaur.

Gorbachev M. (2004) Speech on the Occasion of The Launch of The WMD Awareness Programme, London, September 23. Retrieved on 14 August 2006 from http://www.comeclean.org.uk/articles.php?articleID=47.

Gouiveia P.F. and Plumridge, H. (2005) European Infopolitik: Developing EU Pubic Strategy. London: The Foreign Policy Centre.

Gozzi, R. (1999) The Power of Metaphor in the Age of Electronic Media. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press.

Hellsten, I. and Renvall, M. Inside or Outside of Politics? Metaphor And Paradox in Journalism. Retrieved on 24 May 2006 from http://www.nordicom.gu.se/common/publ_pdf/29_hellsten.pdf.

Hoge, J. (1994) Media Pervasiveness. Foreign Affairs 73 (4): 136–145.

Kövecses, Z. (2002) Metaphor: A Practical Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Lakoff, G. and Johnson, M. (1989) Metaphors we Live by. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Lakoff, G. (1993) The contemporary theory of metaphor. In A. Ortony (ed.), Metaphor and Thought (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp.202-251.

Larson, J. (1984) Television’s window on the world: International affairs coverage on the U.S. networks. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing.

Manners, I. and Whitman, R. (1998) Towards identifying the international identity of the European Union: A framework for analysis of the EU’s network of relationships. European Integration 21 (2): 231-249.

Marks, G., Scharpf, F., Schmitter, P. and Streeck, W. (eds.) (1996) Governance in the European Union. London: Sage.

Mikułowski P.J. (2004) Drawing European home, European house. Paper present at the SIETAR Congress Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 31 March – 4 April.

Movahedi, S. (1985) The social psychology of foreign policy and the politics of international images. Human Affairs 8: 18-37.

Muñoz-Torres, J.R. (2007) Underlying epistemological conceptions in journalism: The case of three leading Spanish newspapers stylebooks. Journalism Studies 8 (2): 224-247.

Musolff, A., Schäffner, C. and Townson, M. (eds.) (1996) Conceiving of Europe – Unity in Diversity. Aldershot: Dartmouth Publishers.

Musolff, A. (2000a) Political imagery of Europe: A house without exit doors?’. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development. 21 (3): 216-229.

Musolff, A. (2000b) Mirror Images of Europe. Metaphors in the public debate about Europe in Britain and Germany. Munich: Iudicium

Ortony, A. (ed.) (1993) Metaphor and Thought (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Petrie, H. and Oshlag, R. (1993) Metaphor and learning. In Andrew Ortony (ed.), Metaphor and Thought (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Sacristán, M. V. (2004) Metaphor and ESP: Metaphor as a useful device for teaching L2 Business English learners. IBÉRICA 10: 115-131.

Schäffner C. and Wenden, A. (eds.) (1995) Language and Peace. Aldershot:Dartmouth Publishers.

Schäffner, C. (1996) Building a European house? Or at two speeds into a dead end? Metaphors in the debate on the united Europe. In A. Musolff, C. Schäffner and M. Townson (eds.), Conceiving of Europe – Unity in Diversity. Aldershot: Dartmouth Publishers. pp.31-59.

Schmitter, P. (1996) Examining the present Euro-Polity with the help of past theories. In G. Marks, et al. (eds.), Governance in the European Union. London: Sage. pp.121-150.

Schön, D. (1993) Generative metaphor: A perspective on problem-setting in social policy. In A Ortony (ed.), Metaphor and Thought (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp.137-165.

Schulz, W. (2001) Foreign news in leading newspapers of western and post-communist countries. Paper presented at the 51st Annual Conference of the International Communication Association, Washington D.C.: USA, May 24-28.

Sticht, T. (1993) Educational uses of metaphor. In A. Ortony, (ed.), Metaphor and Thought (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp.621-632.

Stråth, B. (2002) A European identity to the historical limits of a concept European. Journal of Social Theory 5 (4): 387–401.

Street, J. (2001) Mass Media, Politics and Democracy. New York: Palgrave.

Young, H. (1998) This Blessed Plot: Britain and Europe from Churchill to Blair. London: MacMillian.